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EL GUADUAL CHILDRENS CENTRE

El Guadual Children’s Centre, in the isolated area of Villarrica in Colombia, is a great contribution to architectural knowledge. Feldman and Quinones integrated a complex participatory design approach with demanding requirements; compliance with the Colombian government’s Cero do Siempre programme, encouraging ideas of the Reggio Emilia Approach; and a very limited budget. Feldman and Quinones where highly  successful, creating a children’s centre which not only reaches all of the requirements, but has also impacted the whole village of Villarrica positively. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

“Villa Rica, Cauca Dept, Colombia.” Google Maps. Accessed October 28, 2014. https://www.google.co.nz/maps

“Villa Rica, Cauca Dept, Colombia.” Google Maps. Accessed October 28, 2014. https://www.google.co.nz/maps

“El Guadual Children Center / Daniel Joseph Feldman Mowerman + Iván Dario Quiñones Sanchez.” ArchDaily. Accessed September 4, 2014.

“El Guadual Children Center / Daniel Joseph Feldman Mowerman + Iván Dario Quiñones Sanchez.” ArchDaily. Accessed September 4, 2014.

http://www.archdaily.com/534059/centro-de-desarrollo-infantil-el-guadual-daniel-joseph-feldman-mowerman-ivan-dario-quinones-sanchez/

CERO DE SIEMPRE 

Cero de Siempre works for the wholesome development of every Colombian boy and girl from contraception to age six. Poverty and isolation in Villarrica means young mothers, poor parenting, and insufficient access to early childhood education is negatively affecting the development of the children. Luckily for Villarrica, architects Feldman and Quinones teamed up to bring the El Guadual Children’s Centre. This centre caters for all that Cero de Siempre incorporates; preconception, gestation, zero to one month, two months to three years, and four to six years. One hundred pregnant mothers, two hundred new born babies, and three hundred zero to five year olds have access to education, recreation, and catering services. Positive early childhood education for women can be passed on to other women and children. They are then more likely to adopt healthier diets, understand disease, and train in health practices, increasing health service accessibility, as well as overall well-being and quality of life for the community of Villarrica.

The building integrates the wider community and their education very well. Community education can affect the health of the mother and child, and accompany the effect of maternal education on child health. The centre offers services to the wider community, including; wide footpaths, a public park, an outdoor cinema, an art and performing arts theatre, and a town square. El Guadual Children’s Centre is now the centre of activity for Villa Rica. It is important for a child to have a positive idea around what their identity is. This is created through a sense of belonging in all areas; peers, family, community, culture, and the natural and spiritual world. The children of El Guadual are able to learn about the cultural, spiritual, and natural essence that makes up their community through this design. The community integration helps them to form an understanding of where they come from, and who they are. Initial positive human contact resonates throughout life and helps the children form healthy relationships in the future. 

Factors of risk and protection fulfill a child’s development. Children are active self-developers of their approaches to relations, risks, and resilience. Key development factors are; biological and experiential interplay, cultural influences, flexibility and vulnerability interplays, and timing of the experiences. The architects created thought-provoking spaces, encouraging self-exploration. Classroom transition varies, encouraging play, decision making, and risk taking. The variety of obstacles and choices encourages educational and recreational interplay, as well as self-development through environment. Increasing risk ratio in early childhood can improve the adaption of the child.

“El Guadual Children Center / Daniel Joseph Feldman Mowerman + Iván Dario Quiñones Sanchez.” ArchDaily. Accessed September 4, 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/534059/centro-de-desarrollo-infantil-el-guadual-daniel-joseph-feldman-mowerman-ivan-dario-quinones-sanchez/

“El Guadual Children Center / Daniel Joseph Feldman Mowerman + Iván Dario Quiñones Sanchez.” ArchDaily. Accessed September 4, 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/534059/centro-de-desarrollo-infantil-el-guadual-daniel-joseph-feldman-mowerman-ivan-dario-quinones-sanchez/

THE REGGIO EMILIA APPROACH

Children have a natural desire to initiate human interaction. El Guadual extends arms to the children’s families and the wider community so the children may have a collective understanding of their identity and environment. During early childhood, education should encourage capacitive exploration, and development of coinciding communication, and social skills. It is important for a child’s development they are considered in relation to; their family, other children, teachers, school environment, and the community. The facility caters for all children from conception to five years old, as well as public facilities for wider community integration, giving the children a wide range of people to engage with and learn from.

Explore and negotiate of the environment is also very important in early childhood development. The children’s centre environment needs to be both welcoming and thought provoking, and learning should be encouraged through decision making within the environment. The design of the centres ten classrooms follows the Reggio Emilia pedagogic system. A variety of conditions in the environment encourages self-guided discovery through recreational experience. Slides, stairs, bridges, and mountains connect the rooms, stimulating decision making through architecture. 

Children are taught independence and teachers are able to fully focus on the class as each classroom has bathrooms, meaning children don’t have to wait for the teacher to take them. The children also have access to a vegetable garden, and the building’s rain collection system is interactive, encouraging the children to learn through play. The child can be thought of as having a third teacher, the environment. Self-guided exploration applied in an environment of choices, problem-solving, and independence is imperative to the wholesome development of the child.

“El Guadual Children Center / Daniel Joseph Feldman Mowerman + Iván Dario Quiñones Sanchez.” ArchDaily. Accessed September 4, 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/534059/centro-de-desarrollo-infantil-el-guadual-daniel-joseph-feldman-mowerman-ivan-dario-quinones-sanchez/

WIDER COMMUNITY DESIGN

The building also affects the education of the community from the beginning, not only by training sixty local tradesmen to build the structure, but also employing thirty local women to be trained as early childhood carers, giving them the ability to pass their knowledge on to other women and children in the community. The new centre of activity in Villarrica is El Guadual. El Guadual caters for the wider public by including; wide footpaths, a public park, an outdoor cinema, an art and performing arts theatre, and a town square. This community integration is vital. In order for people to create a sense of identity they must have a lot of integration with the other people in the community. This forms a sense of belonging which continues to positively affect the person’s well-being and quality of life.

“El Guadual Children Center / Daniel Joseph Feldman Mowerman + Iván Dario Quiñones Sanchez.” ArchDaily. Accessed September 4, 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/534059/centro-de-desarrollo-infantil-el-guadual-daniel-joseph-feldman-mowerman-ivan-dario-quinones-sanchez/

PARTICIPATORY DESIGN 

A community sense of possession and pride was established through three years of participatory design. The participation of the local people is the driver for collaborative design. It allows the design of an articulated building which responds better to the requirements of the local people. The architects worked with the community and blurred their professional lines. Collaborations with local children, youths, youth workers, and local leaders, established the initial design for El Guadual. This included ideas around form, size, material, and community integration.

Participatory design changes the way the community crafts and manages their built environment. Processes must be accessible and have a variety of activities to learn so everyone can then use these skills to benefit their community. Sixty local men and thirty local women participated in the construction and decoration of the building. The men built the structure and women decorated the fences with recycled bottles. This enabled these people to gain skills and pass them on to the rest of their community well after the building was completed. By training men and women of the community to construct and run El Guadual, the architects created a very concrete feeling of ownership. No only did the community help design their building, they helped make it and decorate it, making it truly their children’s centre.

Alliance between international funding, donations, and the use of public resources, funded the project, and volunteers helped to decorate the building. Participatory design is not only for the end users, but also for the people financing the build and volunteers.

As El Guadual steps forward as a leader in not only innovative ideas, it also leads the way in innovative design techniques. Through this massive integration of the community, the building works perfectly for the community, embodying all that they need.

“El Guadual Children Center / Daniel Joseph Feldman Mowerman + Iván Dario Quiñones Sanchez.” ArchDaily. Accessed September 4, 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/534059/centro-de-desarrollo-infantil-el-guadual-daniel-joseph-feldman-mowerman-ivan-dario-quinones-sanchez/

“El Guadual Children Center / Daniel Joseph Feldman Mowerman + Iván Dario Quiñones Sanchez.” ArchDaily. Accessed September 4, 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/534059/centro-de-desarrollo-infantil-el-guadual-daniel-joseph-feldman-mowerman-ivan-dario-quinones-sanchez/

LOW-COST, SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE

Throughout the developing world there are the needs rejuvenate local towns, and provide local employment. The quality of life can be increased in rural areas of third world counties through bamboo craft. Bamboo, being so easy to use and a cheap construction material, was the logical choice for architects Feldman and Quinones. The construction of this bamboo building has helped train sixty local tradesmen to build the structure, and these people of Villa Rica can pass on their skills. These can then be used for further construction to increase the quality of life of the town. Bamboo craft can also contribute to the culture of the town, creating an identity for the crafters and the greater community.

The use of bamboo makes the structure highly durable and low maintenance as it is very strong, occasionally being called “vegetal steel.” Passive design, including; natural light reaching all spaces, passive ventilation systems, use of thermal mass, multi-layered sun control roofs, and water collection, allows the building to operate without the use of power. This is highly beneficial for a very poor town.

“El Guadual Children Center / Daniel Joseph Feldman Mowerman + Iván Dario Quiñones Sanchez.” ArchDaily. Accessed September 4, 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/534059/centro-de-desarrollo-infantil-el-guadual-daniel-joseph-feldman-mowerman-ivan-dario-quinones-sanchez/

“El Guadual Children Center / Daniel Joseph Feldman Mowerman + Iván Dario Quiñones Sanchez.” ArchDaily. Accessed September 4, 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/534059/centro-de-desarrollo-infantil-el-guadual-daniel-joseph-feldman-mowerman-ivan-dario-quinones-sanchez/

CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE

Overall, Feldman and Quinones have designed a building which contributes a lot to architectural knowledge. The highly innovative thinking not only applies to the building, but has encourage a new era of understanding in Villarrica.

The active community involvement saw a design that is fully affective and coherent with the community. The building contributed to the learning of design, constructions, and decoration before it was even opened. This is highly innovative, teaching the people of the community how to build the building, allowing them to continue with these skills to increase the quality of life throughout the Villarrica. These skills will be harnessed and passed on. With such wide community input, the building creates a sense of ownership and identity around what is important to Villarrica and it’s people.

El Guadual’s integration of the Cero de Siempre programme is fantastic. It strongly aligns with different aspects of the programme, and is a game changer in the way it integrates families, community, and early childhood developmental factors. This also aligns with the social interaction ideas that are part of the Reggio Emilia programme. With such a great range of obstacles, equipment, and opportunities to learn, the children’s centre definitely shows new ideas in architecture.  These design aspects show major stepping stones in architecture being thought of as a third teacher2. This means that the children aren’t only learning in class, but also learning by just playing at El Guadual.

El Guadual is truly a game changer in design and construction within third world countries.

“El Guadual Children Center / Daniel Joseph Feldman Mowerman + Iván Dario Quiñones Sanchez.” ArchDaily. Accessed September 4, 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/534059/centro-de-desarrollo-infantil-el-guadual-daniel-joseph-feldman-mowerman-ivan-dario-quinones-sanchez/

“El Guadual Children Center / Daniel Joseph Feldman Mowerman + Iván Dario Quiñones Sanchez.” ArchDaily. Accessed September 4, 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/534059/centro-de-desarrollo-infantil-el-guadual-daniel-joseph-feldman-mowerman-ivan-dario-quinones-sanchez/

“El Guadual Children Center / Daniel Joseph Feldman Mowerman + Iván Dario Quiñones Sanchez.” ArchDaily. Accessed September 4, 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/534059/centro-de-desarrollo-infantil-el-guadual-daniel-joseph-feldman-mowerman-ivan-dario-quinones-sanchez/

REFERENCES

  1. Cook, Dr Philips. Strengthening Colombian Indicators for Protection in Early Childhood. Canada: The International Institute for Child Rights and Development, 2014.

  2. “El Guadual Children Center / Daniel Joseph Feldman Mowerman + Iván Dario Quiñones Sanchez.” ArchDaily. Accessed September 4, 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/534059/centro-de-desarrollo-infantil-el-guadual-daniel-joseph-feldman-mowerman-ivan-dario-quinones-sanchez/

  3. Osorio, Ana María, Catalina Bolancé, Nyovani Madise, and Katharina Rathmann. Social Determinants of Child Health in Colombia: Can Community Education Moderate the Effect of Family Characteristics. Spain:  University or Barcelona, 2013.

  4. Fu, Victoria R., Andrew J. Stremmel, and Lynn T. Hill. Teaching and Learning: Collaborative Exploration of the Reggio Emilia Approach. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Merrill, 2002.

  5. Cadwell, Louise Boyd. Bringing Learning to Life: The Reggio Approach to Early Childhood Education. New York: Teachers College Press, 2003.3.

  6. Quiñones, Ivan. “Feldman + Quinones Construct Bamboo Childhood Centre in Colombia”. Designboom. Accessed September 4, 2014. http://www.designboom.com/architecture/feldman-quinones-el-guadual-school-colombia-08-04-2014/ 

  7. Simonsen, Jesper and Toni Robertson. Routledge International Handbook of Participatory Design. New York: Routledge, 2013.

  8. Sanoff, Henry. Community Participation Methods in Design and Planning. New York: Wiley, 2000.

  9. Villegas, Benjamin. New Bamboo. Bogotá, Colombia: Villegas Editores, 2003.

  10. Kumar, Arun, I.V. Ramanuja Rao, and Cherla Sasty. Bamboo for Sustainable Development. Utrecht: VSP, 2002.

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